By: Alex Mazer
Originally published on Policy Options

Read the full text of the original here

The road to building a more sustainable economy and reducing growing income inequality leads through the public treasury. Budgets are a government’s main policy mechanism for dealing with problems like these, targeting more resources for programs and services that work and fewer for those that don’t. Building a sustainable economy will take carbon pricing and public investment in physical infrastructure and learning. Reducing inequality will require changes to tax policy and funding for social programs.

Yet we see little change in the way governments budget. It’s time we did.

Each level of government faces unique budgeting challenges. The federal government needs to figure out what to do with a surplus. Many of the provinces are grappling with a stubborn gap between revenues and expenses. Cities cannot afford to finance the demands on them for infrastructure and housing. But the solutions for better budgeting are applicable to all levels of government.

First, we need to get away from the perception of budgeting as bean counting. Budgets represent a government’s values and long-term strategy. They represent the link between aspiration and resources. Budgets are about priorities, not pie charts. Finance ministers are more than the government’s chief financial officer — a steady-as-she-goes accountant type charged with reassuring financial markets and minding every nickel. They are also the heads of strategy, performance management and revenue generation, not to mention responsible for overseeing key “line” responsibilities such as financial regulation, government assets, macroeconomic policy and more.

We need to begin looking at budgets not morely through fiscal frames — focusing on the size of the deficit and whether the numbers add up — but also as expressions of the overall direction of government and government’s role in society.

Second, we need more truth in budgeting — more fiscal honesty. One of the main sources of public cynicism about politics and government is the tendency of our political class to mislead the public about what is affordable. We need ways to discourage public officials from promising to both cut taxes and improve services. Elected officials need to stop running away from the language and the concept of taxation. Public debate needs to form a tighter link between services and the aspiration for better services, and the dollars required to deliver them.

Third, we need more evidence-based, transparent decision-making, particularly at the federal and provincial levels, where little information is available about the basis for resource allocation decisions. Usually, the budget is developed under a cone of silence and emerges fully formed. Efforts to improve transparency about government spending have mainly focused on nickel-and-dime items such as travel, meals and entertainment, which make up a minuscule percentage of overall expenditures.

More research, both inside and outside government, should be devoted to finding out which programs and services are working and which ones are not. Wherever possible, this research should be made public and should be translated into recommendations that will be useful to decision-makers. Models such as the Washington State Institute for Public Policy — an academe-government partnership focused on program evaluation — can help give evidence more weight in decisions about who gets what.

Fourth, we need to democratize budget making. This means demystifying “fiscal speak” and explaining budgets in terms people can relate to. Giving the public decision-making power over certain portions of the budget can also help. Participatory budgeting, which began in Porto Alegre, Brazil, and is now used in 1,500 places around the world, has empowered millions of citizens by giving them a direct say over a small portion of local capital budgets. Prebudget consultations and budget town halls should also be reimagined to yield more meaningful input. The current versions of these often feel like a box-ticking exercise that does little to help either the government or those it consults with.

We lack a common language to capture the breadth and importance of budgeting. The current resource-constrained era is the perfect time to create one, to swap our old practices and thinking for a new discipline of public sector budgeting.

Read the original piece on Policy Options.